Knowing when to stop: futility in the ICU

Knowing when to stop: futility in the intensive care unit

Purpose of the review—Decisions to withdraw or withhold potentially life-sustaining treatment are common in intensive care and precede the majority of deaths. Where families resist or oppose doctors’ suggestions that it is time to stop treatment it is often unclear what should be done. This review will summarize recent literature around futility judgements in intensive care emphasising ethical ...

Knowing When to Stop

The Importance of Knowing When to Stop

Objectives: Component-wise boosting algorithms have evolved into a popular estimation scheme in biomedical regression settings. The iteration number of these algorithms is the most important tuning parameter to optimize their performance. To date, no fully automated strategy for determining the optimal stopping iteration of boosting algorithms has been proposed. Methods: We propose a fully data...

Generating Adequate Instructions: Knowing When to Stop

Adequate instructions are essential to the correct performance of actions. An instruction is adequate if its action(s) and objects are identified sufficiently and unambiguously, given the instruction’s context. For instance, the instruction Turn the knob would be inadequate if, in the context, more than one knob or one way of turning a knob were salient. However, even if the knob and the manner...

Generating Effective Instructions: Knowing When to Stop

One aspect of Natural Language generation is describing entities so that they are distinguished from all other entities. Entities include objects, events, actions, and states. Much attention has been paid to objects and the generation of their referring expressions (descriptions meant to pick out or refer to an entity). However, a growing area of research is the automated generation of instruct...